See deren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Health",
"orig": "enm:Health",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dare"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
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],
"word": "deare"
},
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],
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{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
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"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
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},
{
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{
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{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
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"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "dere"
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}
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{
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{
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},
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{
"args": {
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},
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{
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "dere",
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"id1": "harm",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
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"t1": "harm"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, dere (“harm”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English derian, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan, from *daru (“injury”) + *-jan; by surface analysis, dere (“harm”) + -en (infinitive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dereth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "derende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "derynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "deren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to deren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "deredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dereth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "deren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dereden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dereth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "derende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "deere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "derie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "derien",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "deriȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "deare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "derre",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "derye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "deryn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Norfolk"
]
},
{
"form": "deyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "deren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "der"
},
"expansion": "deren (third-person singular simple present dereth, present participle derende, derynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle dered)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "der"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To damage or harm:",
"To injure or hurt; to harm the body."
],
"id": "en-deren-enm-verb-klIj7b~T",
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To damage or harm:",
"To injure or hurt; to harm the body."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "enm:Fear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To damage or harm:",
"To scare or frighten; to cause fear."
],
"id": "en-deren-enm-verb-YObEm5PE",
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"scare",
"scare"
],
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To damage or harm:",
"To scare or frighten; to cause fear."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stop or prevent."
],
"id": "en-deren-enm-verb--BzxAmGT",
"links": [
[
"stop",
"stop"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stop or prevent."
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛ̞ːrən/"
}
],
"word": "deren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English poetic terms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Fear",
"enm:Health"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dare"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "deare"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "deer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
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"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "deer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English derian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English derian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*daru",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "injury"
},
"expansion": "*daru (“injury”) + *-jan",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dere",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "harm",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitive suffix",
"t1": "harm"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, dere (“harm”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English derian, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan, from *daru (“injury”) + *-jan; by surface analysis, dere (“harm”) + -en (infinitive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dereth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "derende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "derynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "deren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to deren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "derest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "deredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dereth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "deren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dereden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dereth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "derynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "derende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydered",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "deere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "derie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "derien",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "deriȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "deare",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "derre",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "derye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "deryn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Norfolk"
]
},
{
"form": "deyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "deren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "der"
},
"expansion": "deren (third-person singular simple present dereth, present participle derende, derynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle dered)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "der"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To damage or harm:",
"To injure or hurt; to harm the body."
],
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To damage or harm:",
"To injure or hurt; to harm the body."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To damage or harm:",
"To scare or frighten; to cause fear."
],
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"scare",
"scare"
],
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To damage or harm:",
"To scare or frighten; to cause fear."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To stop or prevent."
],
"links": [
[
"stop",
"stop"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stop or prevent."
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛ̞ːrən/"
}
],
"word": "deren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for deren meaning in Middle English (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (e97c820 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.